Social Justice and the Future of Healthy Families: Sociocultural Changes and Challenges

Given the pace of social changes, meanings of “family” and what makes a family healthy are changing. How can these changing meanings and understandings contribute to social justice for all families? First, I acknowledge how my personal history has intersected with research I do on youth and families. I define social justice with respect to healthy families, and then consider how contemporary scholarship helps define, redefine, and refine what is meant by “family.” Examples are presented from research on cultural influences on parenting; parenting in same‐sex couple or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) families; and coming out in adolescence as LGBTQ. These examples illustrate how the notion of family is defined, redefined, and refined to provide new vantage points on the complexities, possibilities, and potential for social justice among contemporary families, especially those that are marginalized.     

多指标综合加权评分法优选复方夏枯草洗剂提取工艺研究

[目的] 优选复方夏枯草洗剂的提取工艺。[方法] 采用L₉（3⁴）正交设计，以迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B的含量及出膏率的综合评分为指标，考察料液比、提取时间、提取次数对提取效果的影响，优选复方夏枯草洗剂的最佳提取工艺。[结果] 根据综合评分的结果，优选出最佳提取工艺为加8倍水，提取3次，每次0.5 h。[结论] 该工艺准确可靠，可行性好。     

经皮对比增强超声在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结术前定位及转移风险评估中的临床应用价值

目的探讨经皮注射对比增强超声(CEUS)在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)术前定位及转移风险评估中的临床应用价值。 方法根据纳入及排除标准，选择2019年5～9月在江苏大学附属人民医院乳腺外科行手术治疗的21例女性乳腺癌患者进行前瞻性研究。术前根据经皮CEUS示踪结果，在皮肤表面标记SLN位置及数目，根据其增强模式评估SLN转移风险，并在术中联合亚甲蓝共同确认SLN的位置及数目。以亚甲蓝染色的病理检查结果为金标准，计算经皮CEUS预测SLN状态的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率。用Kappa一致性检验分析CEUS与SLN常规病理检查结果的一致性及2名超声科医师对SLN增强模式判读的一致性。用Fisher精确概率法分析不同临床病理特征患者CEUS评估SLN结果的差异。 结果21例患者中，经皮CEUS共检出32枚SLN，亚甲蓝染色共检出71枚。经皮CEUS体表定位的SLN均为术中亚甲蓝染色的SLN,患者经皮CEUS检出(1.6±0.9)枚SLN,低于亚甲蓝染色检出的(3.4±1.4)枚(t＝5.017, P<0.001)。CEUS预测SLN转移风险：判定有SLN转移患者9例(病理证实SLN有转移7例，无转移2例)，判定无转移患者12例(病理证实SLN无转移11例，有转移1例)。CEUS评估SLN状态的敏感度7/8，特异度11/13，阳性预测值7/9，阴性预测值11/12，准确率85.7%(18/21)。CEUS与病理诊断结果具有较高一致性(Kappa ＝0.704，P＝0.001)。2名超声科医师对CEUS中32枚SLN增强模式的判读结果一致性较好(Kappa＝0.829，P<0.001)。不同组织学分级的患者，其CEUS预测结果比较，差异有统计学意义(P＝0.046)。 结论经皮CEUS是乳腺癌患者SLN术前定位及转移风险评估的一种有效方法。     

Executive summary from American Radium Society’s appropriate use criteria on neurocognition after stereotactic radiosurgery for multiple brain metastases

BackgroundThe American Radium Society (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria brain malignancies panel systematically reviewed (PRISMA [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses]) published literature on neurocognitive outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for patients with multiple brain metastases (BM) to generate consensus guidelines.MethodsThe panel developed 4 key questions (KQs) to guide systematic review. From 11 614 original articles, 12 were selected. The panel developed model cases addressing KQs and potentially controversial scenarios not addressed in the systematic review (which might inform future ARS projects). Based upon quality of evidence, the panel confidentially voted on treatment options using a 9-point scale of appropriateness.ResultsThe panel agreed that SRS alone is usually appropriate for those with good performance status and 2–10 asymptomatic BM, and usually not appropriate for >20 BM. For 11–15 and 16–20 BM there was (between 2 case variants) agreement that SRS alone may be appropriate or disagreement on the appropriateness of SRS alone. There was no scenario (among 6 case variants) in which conventional whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was considered usually appropriate by most panelists. There were several areas of disagreement, including: hippocampal sparing WBRT for 2–4 asymptomatic BM; WBRT for resected BM amenable to SRS; fractionated versus single-fraction SRS for resected BM, larger targets, and/or brainstem metastases; optimal treatment (WBRT, hippocampal sparing WBRT, SRS alone to all or select lesions) for patients with progressive extracranial disease, poor performance status, and no systemic options.ConclusionsFor patients with 2–10 BM, SRS alone is an appropriate treatment option for well-selected patients with good performance status. Future study is needed for those scenarios in which there was disagreement among panelists.     

基于传统性状客观化分析的川贝母质量评价

目的对川贝母的外观性状进行客观量化,完善其质量评价方法。方法用游标卡尺测定高度和直径,在人眼对外观色泽观察的基础上用色差仪对粉末色泽进行客观量化,通过紫外分光光度法测定总生物碱的含量,对高度、直径、△E值与总生物碱含量测定结果进行统计学分析,确定外观性状与内在成分之间的相关程度。结果高度与总生物碱的含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)、直径与总生物碱的含量呈负相关,综合来看随着川贝母鳞茎的增大,总生物碱含量呈降低趋势。△E值与总生物碱含量之间的相关性不显著。结论由于总生物碱含量可以客观地反映川贝母的质量,本实验的结果为川贝母传统以"个小为佳"、"碎贝、破贝不可入药"的观点赋予了科学的依据,肯定了川贝母"不得水洗"的传统加工方法。不同规格的川贝母中以松贝为优。